{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:23:57Z","timestamp":1791293037823,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The chorioamnionitis associated with preterm delivery is often polymicrobial with ureaplasma being the most common isolate. To evaluate interactions between the different proinflammatory mediators, we hypothesized that ureaplasma exposure would increase fetal responsiveness to LPS. Fetal sheep were given intra-amniotic (IA) injections of media (control) or Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 either 7 or 70 d before preterm delivery. Another group received an IA injection of Escherichia coli LPS 2 d prior to delivery. To test for interactions, IA U. parvum-exposed animals were challenged with IA LPS and delivered 2 d later. All animals were delivered at 124 \u00b1 1-d gestation (term = 150 d). Compared with the 2-d LPS exposure group, the U. parvum 70 d + LPS group had 1) decreased lung pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression and 2) fewer CD3+ T lymphocytes, CCL2+, myeloperoxidase+, and PU.1+ cells in the lung. Interestingly, exposure to U. parvum for 7 d did not change responses to a subsequent IA LPS challenge, and exposure to IA U. parvum alone induced mild lung inflammation. Exposure to U. parvum increased pulmonary TGF-\u03b21 expression but did not change mRNA expression of either the receptor TLR4 or some of the downstream mediators in the lung. Monocytes from fetal blood and lung isolated from U. parvum 70 d + LPS but not U. parvum 7 d + LPS animals had decreased in vitro responsiveness to LPS. These results are consistent with the novel finding of downregulation of LPS responses by chronic but not acute fetal exposures to U. parvum. The findings increase our understanding of how chorioamnionitis-exposed preterm infants may respond to lung injury and postnatal nosocomial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,23]],"date-time":"2011-07-23T04:59:30Z","timestamp":1311397170000},"page":"2688-2695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Chronic Fetal Exposure to <i>Ureaplasma parvum<\/i> Suppresses Innate Immune Responses in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Suhas G","family":"Kallapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45229"},{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Infants\u2019 Health, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Division of Neonatology\/Pulmonary Biology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45229"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris W","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center , 6229 HX Maastricht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4350 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare A","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Infants\u2019 Health, University of Western Australia , Perth, Western Australia 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J 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