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Analysis of dust collected from the homes of asthmatic individuals revealed that the polysaccharide chitin is environmentally widespread and associated with \u03b2-glucans, possibly from ubiquitous fungi. Cell wall preparations of Aspergillus isolated from house dust induced robust recruitment of eosinophils into mouse lung, an effect that was attenuated by enzymatic degradation of cell wall chitin and \u03b2-glucans. Mice expressing constitutively active acidic mammalian chitinase in the lungs demonstrated a significant reduction in eosinophil infiltration after fungal challenge. Conversely, chitinase inhibition prolonged the duration of tissue eosinophilia. Thus, fungal chitin derived from home environments associated with asthma induces eosinophilic allergic inflammation in the lung, and mammalian chitinases, including acidic mammalian chitinase, limit this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T02:20:07Z","timestamp":1312856407000},"page":"2261-2267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Fungal Chitin from Asthma-Associated Home Environments Induces Eosinophilic Lung Infiltration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Steven J","family":"Van Dyken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology\/Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology\/Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lung Biology Center, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia J","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D","family":"Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Corry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M","family":"Locksley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology\/Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410305034400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.013","article-title":"Rethinking the pathogenesis of asthma","volume":"31","author":"Holgate","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025032410305034400_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12814","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811003106","article-title":"High diversity of fungi in air particulate matter","volume":"106","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich-Nowoisky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. 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