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In this study, we describe an adjuvant that, through complement activation and binding to follicular dendritic cells (FDC), dramatically enhances germinal center (GC) formation, which results in greatly augmented Ab responses. The nontoxic CTA1-DD adjuvant hosts the ADP-ribosylating CTA1 subunit from cholera toxin and a dimer of the D fragment from Staphylococcus aureus protein A. We found that T cell-dependent, but not -independent, responses were augmented by CTA1-DD. GC reactions and serum Ab titers were both enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. This effect required complement activation, a property of the DD moiety. Deposition of CTA1-DD to the FDC network appeared to occur via the conduit system and was dependent on complement receptors on the FDC. Hence, Cr2\u2212\/\u2212 mice failed to augment GC reactions and exhibited dramatically reduced Ab responses, whereas Ribi adjuvant demonstrated unperturbed adjuvant function in these mice. Noteworthy, the adjuvant effect on priming of specific CD4 T cells was found to be intact in Cr2\u2212\/\u2212 mice, demonstrating that the CTA1-DD host both complement-dependent and -independent adjuvant properties. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of an adjuvant that directly activates complement, enabling binding of the adjuvant to the FDC, which subsequently strongly promoted the GC reaction, leading to augmented serum Ab titers and long-term memory development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T11:41:52Z","timestamp":1314877312000},"page":"3641-3652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Complement Activation and Complement Receptors on Follicular Dendritic Cells Are Critical for the Function of a Targeted Adjuvant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Johan","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Yrlid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Stensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael C I","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute , 171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey V","family":"Ravetch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY 10065"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils Y","family":"Lycke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410385043500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-0344(01)00101-0","article-title":"Recent developments in adjuvants for vaccines against infectious diseases","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Hagan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomol. 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