{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:33:10Z","timestamp":1792679590061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The early steps of differentiation of human B cells into plasma cells are poorly known. We report a transitional population of CD20low\/\u2212CD38\u2212 preplasmablasts along differentiation of human memory B cells into plasma cells in vitro. Preplasmablasts lack documented B cell or plasma cell (CD20, CD38, and CD138) markers, express CD30 and IL-6R, and secrete Igs at a weaker level than do plasmablasts or plasma cells. These preplasmablasts further differentiate into CD20\u2212CD38highCD138\u2212 plasmablasts and then CD20\u2212CD38highCD138+ plasma cells. Preplasmablasts were fully characterized in terms of whole genome transcriptome profiling and phenotype. Preplasmablasts coexpress B and plasma cell transcription factors, but at a reduced level compared with B cells, plasmablasts, or plasma cells. They express the unspliced form of XBP1 mRNA mainly, whereas plasmablasts and plasma cells express essentially the spliced form. An in vivo counterpart (CD19+CD20low\/\u2212CD38\u2212IL-6R+ cells) of in vitro-generated preplasmablasts could be detected in human lymph nodes (0.06% of CD19+ cells) and tonsils (0.05% of CD19+ cells). An open access \u201cB to Plasma Cell Atlas,\u201d which makes it possible to interrogate gene expression in the process of B cell to plasma cell differentiation, is provided. Taken together, our findings show the existence of a transitional preplasmablast population using an in vitro model of plasma cell generation and of its in vivo counterpart in various lymphoid tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]],"date-time":"2011-09-15T09:44:37Z","timestamp":1316079877000},"page":"3931-3941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Characterization of a Transitional Preplasmablast Population in the Process of Human B Cell to Plasma Cell Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Michel","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Unit\u00e9 1040 , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk","family":"Caraux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Unit\u00e9 1040 , 34000 Montpellier 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Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 1 , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Le Gallou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Unit\u00e9 917 , 35043 Rennes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Mourcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Unit\u00e9 917 , 35043 Rennes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"De Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Unit\u00e9 1040 , 34000 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche en Bioth\u00e9rapie , 34295 Montpellier ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 1 , 34000 Montpellier 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