{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:49:19Z","timestamp":1791136159279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to respiratory infections, including tuberculosis in humans. A possible link between particulate air pollutant exposure and antimycobacterial immunity has not been explored in human primary immune cells. We hypothesized that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP), a major component of urban fine particulate matter, suppresses antimycobacterial human immune effector cell functions by modulating TLR-signaling pathways and NF-\u03baB activation. We show that DEP and H37Ra, an avirulent laboratory strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were both taken up by the same peripheral human blood monocytes. To examine the effects of DEP on M. tuberculosis-induced production of cytokines, PBMC were stimulated with DEP and M. tuberculosis or purified protein derivative. The production of M. tuberculosis and purified protein derivative-induced IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 was reduced in a DEP dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 remained unchanged. Furthermore, DEP stimulation prior to M. tuberculosis infection altered the expression of TLR3, -4, -7, and -10 mRNAs and of a subset of M. tuberculosis-induced host genes including inhibition of expression of many NF-\u03baB (e.g., CSF3, IFNG, IFNA, IFNB, IL1A, IL6, and NFKBIA) and IFN regulatory factor (e.g., IFNG, IFNA1, IFNB1, and CXCL10) pathway target genes. We propose that DEP downregulate M. tuberculosis-induced host gene expression via MyD88-dependent (IL6, IL1A, and PTGS2) as well as MyD88-independent (IFNA, IFNB) pathways. Prestimulation of PBMC with DEP suppressed the expression of proinflammatory mediators upon M. tuberculosis infection, inducing a hyporesponsive cellular state. Therefore, DEP alters crucial components of antimycobacterial host immune responses, providing a possible mechanism by which air pollutants alter antimicrobial immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T05:40:48Z","timestamp":1329370848000},"page":"2778-2793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Suppression of the NF-\u03baB Pathway by Diesel Exhaust Particles Impairs Human Antimycobacterial Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Srijata","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngmia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somak","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard M","family":"Kipen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Laumbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"},{"name":"Center for Global Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A","family":"Ohman Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol R","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Schwander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"},{"name":"Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , Piscataway, NJ 08854"},{"name":"Center for Global Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health , Piscataway, NJ 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032409591988400_r1","volume-title":"Air Quality and Health.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025032409591988400_r2","volume-title":"Global Health Risks. 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