{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:39:18Z","timestamp":1791275958177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes diverse infections in humans, ranging from mild to life-threatening invasive diseases, such as necrotizing fasciitis (NF), a rapidly progressing deep tissue infection. Despite prompt treatments, NF remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, even in previously healthy individuals. The early recruitment of leukocytes is crucial to the outcome of NF; however, although the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in host defense against NF is well established, the role of recruited macrophages remains poorly defined. Using a cutaneous murine model mimicking human NF, we found that mice deficient in TNF-\u03b1 were highly susceptible to s.c. infections with GAS, and a paucity of macrophages, but not PMNs, was demonstrated. To test whether the effects of TNF-\u03b1 on the outcome of infection are mediated by macrophages\/monocytes, we systemically depleted C57BL\/6 mice of monocytes by pharmacological and genetic approaches. Systemic monocyte depletion substantially increased bacterial dissemination from soft tissues without affecting the number of recruited PMNs or altering the bacterial loads in soft tissues. Enhanced GAS dissemination could be reverted by either i.v. injection of monocytes or s.c. administration of peritoneal macrophages. These experiments demonstrated that recruited macrophages play a key role in defense against the extracellular pathogen GAS by limiting its spread from soft tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T05:59:21Z","timestamp":1319522361000},"page":"6022-6031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Recruited Macrophages Control Dissemination of Group A <i>Streptococcus<\/i> from Infected Soft Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Inbal","family":"Mishalian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research \u2013 Israel\u2013Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merav","family":"Ordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research \u2013 Israel\u2013Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amnon","family":"Peled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital , Jerusalem ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Maly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hadassah University Hospital , Jerusalem 91120 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam B","family":"Eichenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute , New York, NY 10065"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Ravins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research \u2013 Israel\u2013Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tegest","family":"Aychek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Hanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research \u2013 Israel\u2013Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91120 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410481446300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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