{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:16:21Z","timestamp":1791256581020,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immune system has evolved to protect the host from invading pathogens and to maintain tissue homeostasis. Although the inflammatory process involving pathogens is well documented, the intrinsic compounds that initiate sterile inflammation and how its progression is mediated are still not clear. Because tissue injury is usually associated with ischemia and the accompanied hypoxia, the microenvironment of various pathologies involves anaerobic metabolites and products of necrotic cells. In the current study, we assessed in a comparative manner the role of IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 in the initiation and propagation of sterile inflammation induced by products of hypoxic cells. We found that following hypoxia, the precursor form of IL-1\u03b1, and not IL-1\u03b2, is upregulated and subsequently released from dying cells. Using an inflammation-monitoring system consisting of Matrigel mixed with supernatants of hypoxic cells, we noted accumulation of IL-1\u03b1 in the initial phase, which correlated with the infiltration of neutrophils, and the expression of IL-1\u03b2 correlated with later migration of macrophages. In addition, we were able to show that IL-1 molecules from cells transfected with either precursor IL-1\u03b1 or mature IL-1\u03b2 can recruit neutrophils or macrophages, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-1\u03b1, released from dying cells, initiates sterile inflammation by inducing recruitment of neutrophils, whereas IL-1\u03b2 promotes the recruitment and retention of macrophages. Overall, our data provide new insight into the biology of IL-1 molecules as well as on the regulation of sterile inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T04:23:11Z","timestamp":1316492591000},"page":"4835-4843","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":478,"title":["IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 Recruit Different Myeloid Cells and Promote Different Stages of Sterile Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Peleg","family":"Rider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaron","family":"Carmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Guttman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Braiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idan","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Voronov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malka R","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A","family":"Dinarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center , Denver, CO 80262"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron N","family":"Apte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva 84105 ,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410421581300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","article-title":"Origin and physiological roles of inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032410421581300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.05.006","article-title":"Neutrophil kinetics in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"Summers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends 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