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Their sera contained low levels of IgG and occasionally high levels of IgA. In bone marrow, immature B cells were normal in number, but internalized IgM and had a unique gene expression profile, compared with those expressing high levels of surface IgM, including elevated recombinase activator gene expression. A comparable B cell population was defined in wild-type bone marrows, with an abundance suggesting that at steady state \u223c20% of normal developing B cells are constantly encountering autoantigens in situ. In superantigen-expressing mice, as well as in mice carrying the 3H9 anti-DNA IgH transgene, or 3H9 H along with mutation in the murine \u03ba-deleting element RS, IgM internalization was correlated with CD19 downmodulation. CD19low bone marrow cells from 3H9;RS\u2212\/\u2212 mice were enriched in L chains that promote DNA binding. Our results suggest that central tolerance and attendant L chain receptor editing affect a large fraction of normal developing B cells. IgHa\/b mice carrying the superantigen had a \u223c50% loss in follicular B cell numbers, suggesting that escape from central tolerance by receptor editing from one IgH allele to another was not a major mechanism. IgMb superantigen hosts reconstituted with experimental bone marrow were demonstrated to be useful in revealing pathways involved in central tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T04:09:24Z","timestamp":1320120564000},"page":"5596-5605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Negative Selection by IgM Superantigen Defines a B Cell Central Tolerance Compartment and Reveals Mutations Allowing Escape"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Bao Hoa","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyo","family":"Aoki-Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Byron","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djemel","family":"Ait-Azzouzene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Lee","family":"Gavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia 3004"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nemazee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410495409000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03724","article-title":"Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity","volume":"435","author":"Goodnow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025032410495409000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1939","article-title":"Receptor editing in lymphocyte development and central tolerance","volume":"6","author":"Nemazee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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