{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:27:16Z","timestamp":1787030836430,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in the bactericidal function of phagocytes. Because Gsr has been implicated in the oxidative burst in human neutrophils and is abundantly expressed in the lymphoid system, we hypothesized that Gsr-deficient mice would exhibit marked defects during the immune response against bacterial challenge. We report in this study that Gsr-null mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to Escherichia coli challenge, indicated by dramatically increased bacterial burden, cytokine storm, striking histological abnormalities, and substantially elevated mortality. Additionally, Gsr-null mice exhibited elevated sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus. Examination of the bactericidal functions of the neutrophils from Gsr-deficient mice in vitro revealed impaired phagocytosis and defective bacterial killing activities. Although Gsr catalyzes the regeneration of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, Gsr-deficient neutrophils paradoxically produced far less reactive oxygen species upon activation both ex vivo and in vivo. Unlike wild-type neutrophils that exhibited a sustained oxidative burst upon stimulation with phorbol ester and fMLP, Gsr-deficient neutrophils displayed a very transient oxidative burst that abruptly ceased shortly after stimulation. Likewise, Gsr-deficient neutrophils also exhibited an attenuated oxidative burst upon encountering E. coli. Biochemical analysis revealed that the hexose monophosphate shunt was compromised in Gsr-deficient neutrophils. Moreover, Gsr-deficient neutrophils displayed a marked impairment in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, a bactericidal mechanism that operates after neutrophil death. Thus, Gsr-mediated redox regulation is crucial for bacterial clearance during host defense against massive bacterial challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T20:29:46Z","timestamp":1327609786000},"page":"2316-2327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Glutathione Reductase Facilitates Host Defense by Sustaining Phagocytic Oxidative Burst and Promoting the Development of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 ,","place":["People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn M","family":"Wancket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbus, OH 43221"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lintner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif D","family":"Nelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caliper Life Sciences , Alameda, CA 94501"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles V","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette K","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH 43205"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Bioscience, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbus, OH 43221"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032409574982600_r1","volume-title":"The Neutrophil: Function and Clinical Disorders.","author":"Klebanoff","year":"1978"},{"key":"2025032409574982600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834536ce","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide and sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction","volume":"24","author":"Balija","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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