{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:55:39Z","timestamp":1772819739598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Innate immune recognition of virus-infected cells includes NK cell detection of changes to endogenous cell-surface proteins through inhibitory receptors. One such receptor system is the NK cell receptor protein-1B (NKR-P1B) and its ligand C-type lectin-related-b (Clr-b). NKR-P1B and Clr-b are encoded within the NK cell gene complex, a locus that has been linked to strain-dependent differences in susceptibility to infection by poxviruses. In this study, we report the impact of vaccinia virus (VV) and ectromelia virus infection on expression of Clr-b and Clr-b\u2013mediated protection from NK cells. We observed a loss of Clr-b cell-surface protein upon VV and ectromelia virus infection of murine cell lines and bone marrow-derived macrophages. The reduction of Clr-b is more rapid than MHC class I, the prototypic ligand of NK cell inhibitory receptors. Reduction of Clr-b requires active viral infection but not expression of late viral genes, and loss of mRNA appears to lag behind loss of Clr-b surface protein. Clr-b\u2013mediated protection from NK cells is lost following VV infection. Together, these results provide the second example of Clr-b modulation during viral infection and suggest reductions of Clr-b may be involved in sensitizing poxvirus-infected cells to NK cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T01:07:12Z","timestamp":1334020032000},"page":"4980-4991","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Poxvirus Infection-Associated Downregulation of C-Type Lectin-Related-b Prevents NK Cell Inhibition by NK Receptor Protein-1B"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Kinola J N","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea L","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar A","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Carlyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah N","family":"Burshtyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032410093713900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.189","article-title":"Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines","volume":"17","author":"Biron","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. 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