{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:22:43Z","timestamp":1791181363527,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cervix is central to the female genital tract immune response to pathogens and foreign male Ags introduced at coitus. Seminal fluid profoundly influences cervical immune function, inducing proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and leukocyte recruitment. In this study, human Ect1 cervical epithelial cells and primary cervical cells were used to investigate agents in human seminal plasma that induce a proinflammatory response. TGF-\u03b21, TGF-\u03b22, and TGF-\u03b23 are abundant in seminal plasma, and Affymetrix microarray revealed that TGF-\u03b23 elicits changes in Ect1 cell expression of several proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes, replicating principal aspects of the Ect1 response to seminal plasma. The differentially expressed genes included several induced in the physiological response of the cervix to seminal fluid in vivo. Notably, all three TGF-\u03b2 isoforms showed comparable ability to induce Ect1 cell expression of mRNA and protein for GM-CSF and IL-6, and TGF-\u03b2 induced a similar IL-6 and GM-CSF response in primary cervical epithelial cells. TGF-\u03b2 neutralizing Abs, receptor antagonists, and signaling inhibitors ablated seminal plasma induction of GM-CSF and IL-6, but did not alter IL-8, CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL20 (MIP-3\u03b1), or IL-1\u03b1 production. Several other cytokines present in seminal plasma did not elicit Ect1 cell responses. These data identify all three TGF-\u03b2 isoforms as key agents in seminal plasma that signal induction of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in cervical cells. Our findings suggest that TGF-\u03b2 in the male partner\u2019s seminal fluid may influence cervical immune function after coitus in women, and potentially be a determinant of fertility, as well as defense from infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,17]],"date-time":"2012-06-17T17:39:54Z","timestamp":1339954794000},"page":"1024-1035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["TGF-\u03b2 Mediates Proinflammatory Seminal Fluid Signaling in Human Cervical Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"David J","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M","family":"Macpherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelton P","family":"Tremellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Repromed , Dulwich, South Australia 5065,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G","family":"Mottershead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032409210429500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043133","article-title":"Immunological microenvironments in the human vagina and cervix: mediators of cellular immunity are concentrated in the cervical transformation zone","volume":"73","author":"Pudney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. 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