{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:29:18Z","timestamp":1790414958718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>T cell development and activation are usually accompanied by expansion and production of numerous proteins that require active translation. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binds to the 5\u2032 cap structure of mRNA and is critical for cap-dependent translational initiation. It has been hypothesized that MAPK-interacting kinase 1 and 2 (Mnk1\/2) promote cap-dependent translation by phosphorylating eIF4E at serine 209 (S209). Pharmacologic studies using inhibitors have suggested that Mnk1\/2 have important roles in T cells. However, genetic evidence supporting such conclusions is lacking. Moreover, the signaling pathways that regulate Mnk1\/2 in T cells remain unclear. We demonstrate that TCR engagement activates Mnk1\/2 in primary T cells. Such activation is dependent on Ras-Erk1\/2 signaling and is inhibited by diacylglycerol kinases \u03b1 and \u03b6. Mnk1\/2 double deficiency in mice abolishes TCR-induced eIF4E S209 phosphorylation, indicating their absolute requirement for eIF4E S209 phosphorylation. However, Mnk1\/2 double deficiency does not affect the development of conventional \u03b1\u03b2 T cells, regulatory T cells, or NKT cells. Furthermore, T cell activation, in vivo primary and memory CD8 T cell responses to microbial infection, and NKT cell cytokine production were not obviously altered by Mnk1\/2 deficiency. Although Mnk1\/2 deficiency causes decreased IL-17 and IFN-\u03b3 production by CD4 T cells following immunization of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in complete Freund\u2019s adjuvant, correlating with milder experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis scores, it does not affect Th cell differentiation in vitro. Together, these data suggest that Mnk1\/2 has a minimal role in T cell development and activation but may regulate non\u2013T cell lineages to control Th1 and Th17 differentiation in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T01:35:47Z","timestamp":1356572147000},"page":"1026-1037","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Mnk1 and 2 Are Dispensable for T Cell Development and Activation but Important for the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Balachandra K","family":"Gorentla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruti","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari L","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27157"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikiro","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka 569-1094,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032406300169900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.259","article-title":"T cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathways","volume":"14","author":"Cantrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. 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