{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:47:01Z","timestamp":1767970021585,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent human inflammatory diseases. The major clinical phenotypes of this polymicrobial, biofilm-mediated disease are chronic and aggressive periodontitis, the latter being characterized by a rapid course of destruction that is generally attributed to an altered immune-inflammatory response against periodontal pathogens. Still, the biological basis for the pathophysiological distinction of the two disease categories has not been well documented yet. Type I NKT cells are a lymphocyte subset with important roles in regulating immune responses to either tolerance or immunity, including immune responses against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we delineate the mechanisms of NKT cell activation in periodontal infections. We show an infiltration of type I NKT cells in aggressive, but not chronic, periodontitis lesions in vivo. Murine dendritic cells infected with aggressive periodontitis-associated Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans triggered a type I IFN response followed by type I NKT cell activation. In contrast, infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal pathogen in chronic periodontitis, did not induce NKT cell activation. This difference could be explained by the absence of a type I IFN response to P. gingivalis infection. We found these IFNs to be critical for NKT cell activation. Our study provides a conceivable biological distinction between the two periodontitis subforms and identifies factors required for the activation of the immune system in response to periodontal bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T03:55:32Z","timestamp":1359604532000},"page":"2282-2291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Activation of Invariant NK T Cells in Periodontitis Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Haupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panos N","family":"Papapanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine , New York, NY 10032"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Kebschull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724"},{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo G","family":"Schmidt-Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brossart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Perner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Kebschull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine , New York, NY 10032"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Bonn , Bonn 53127,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032406362004700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2010.00202.x","article-title":"Overview and quality assurance for the oral health component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-08","volume":"71","author":"Dye","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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