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Mice infected with LCMV develop a transient defect in Ag-specific immunity against heterologous viral infection. Although it has been proposed that LCMV infection induces an immunosuppressed state within the host, our data show that infected mice successfully clear vaccinia virus through a mechanism that involves CD8+ T cell\u2013derived IFN-\u03b3. This observation demonstrates that chronic LCMV infection does not impair protective immunity against heterologous viral challenge. Rather, a natural sterilizing immunity is induced following a primary infection that prevents a secondary infection. Our findings suggest a need to re-evaluate current thoughts about the immune suppression that might occur during a persistent infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,8]],"date-time":"2012-11-08T07:33:38Z","timestamp":1352360018000},"page":"5841-5848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CD8+ T Cell\u2013Derived IFN-\u03b3 Prevents Infection by a Second Heterologous Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Valentine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA 94110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashaun","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University , San Francisco, CA 94132"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Premenko-Lanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA 94110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032409384810600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9249","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00409-07","article-title":"Upregulation of PD-1 expression on circulating and intrahepatic hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells associated with reversible immune dysfunction","volume":"81","author":"Golden-Mason","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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