{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T09:13:39Z","timestamp":1781428419121,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IFN-\u03b5 is a unique type I IFN whose constitutive expression in lung, brain, small intestine, and reproductive tissues is only partially understood. Our previous observation that posttranscriptional events participate in the regulation of IFN-\u03b5 mRNA expression led us to investigate whether the 5\u2032 and\/or 3\u2032 untranslated regions (UTR) have regulatory functions. Surprisingly, we found that full-length IFN-\u03b5 5\u2032UTR markedly suppressed mRNA expression under basal conditions. Analysis of the secondary structure of this region predicted formation of two stable stem-loop structures, loops 1 and 2. Studies using luciferase constructs harboring various stretches of IFN-\u03b5 5\u2032UTR and mutant constructs in which the conformation of loop structures was disrupted showed that loop 1 is essential for regulation of mRNA expression. Incubation of HeLa cell extracts with agarose-bound RNAs harboring IFN-\u03b5 loop structures identified importin 9 (IPO9), a molecular transporter and chaperone, as a candidate that associates with these regions of the 5\u2032UTR. IPO9 overexpression decreased, and IPO9 silencing increased basal IFN-\u03b5 expression. Our studies uncover a previously undescribed function for IPO9 as a specific, and negative, posttranscriptional regulator of IFN-\u03b5 expression, and they identify key roles for IFN-\u03b5 stem-loop structure 1 in this process. IPO9-mediated effects on 5\u2032UTRs appear to extend to additional mRNAs, including hypoxia-inducible factor\u20131\u03b1, that can form specific loop structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,13]],"date-time":"2013-07-13T05:40:13Z","timestamp":1373694013000},"page":"1907-1915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Novel Role for Molecular Transporter Importin 9 in Posttranscriptional Regulation of IFN-\u03b5 Expression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Tomoh","family":"Matsumiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki 036-8562,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki 036-8562,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Ebina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki 036-8561,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Hayakari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki 036-8562,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadaatsu","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki 036-8562,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki 036-8562,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki 036-8561,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew K","family":"Topham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , Hirosaki 036-8562,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M","family":"Stafforini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032405185236000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1615","article-title":"Virus trafficking: learning from single-virus tracking","volume":"5","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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