{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:26:43Z","timestamp":1791898003175,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neutrophils play a critical role in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury, sepsis, and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Binding of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-formyl peptides can activate neutrophils and may represent a new therapeutic target in either sterile or septic inflammation. Propofol, a widely used i.v. anesthetic, has been shown to modulate immunoinflammatory responses. However, the mechanism of propofol remains to be established. In this study, we showed that propofol significantly reduced superoxide generation, elastase release, and chemotaxis in human neutrophils activated by fMLF. Propofol did not alter superoxide generation or elastase release in a cell-free system. Neither inhibitors of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid receptors nor an inhibitor of protein kinase A reversed the inhibitory effects of propofol. In addition, propofol showed less inhibitory effects in non-FPR1\u2013induced cell responses. The signaling pathways downstream from FPR1, involving calcium, AKT, and ERK1\/2, were also competitively inhibited by propofol. These results show that propofol selectively and competitively inhibits the FPR1-induced human neutrophil activation. Consistent with the hypothesis, propofol inhibited the binding of N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-fluorescein, a fluorescent analog of fMLF, to FPR1 in human neutrophils, differentiated THP-1 cells, and FPR1-transfected human embryonic kidney-293 cells. To our knowledge, our results identify, for the first time, a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of propofol by competitively blocking FPR1 in human neutrophils. Considering the importance of N-formyl peptides in inflammatory processes, our data indicate that propofol may have therapeutic potential to attenuate neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases by blocking FPR1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T01:13:21Z","timestamp":1368494001000},"page":"6511-6519","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["Propofol Inhibits Superoxide Production, Elastase Release, and Chemotaxis in Formyl Peptide\u2013Activated Human Neutrophils by Blocking Formyl Peptide Receptor 1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Shun-Chin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei 112,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jen","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Ming","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei 112,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan-Yen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Fa","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Hon","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei 112,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsong-Long","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University , Kweishan 333, Taoyuan,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032407075375300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28S","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.5_Part_2.28S","article-title":"Propofol: an immunomodulating agent","volume":"25","author":"Marik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"2025032407075375300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200004000-00032","article-title":"Effects of propofol on hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rats","volume":"28","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. 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