{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:35:34Z","timestamp":1793500534971,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cryptococcal meningitis has been described in immunocompromised patients, as well as in those for whom no immune defect has been identified. GM-CSF regulates the function of phagocytes and pulmonary alveolar macrophages, critical elements in cryptococcal control. We performed clinical histories, immunological evaluation, and anticytokine autoantibody screening in four current patients with cryptococcal meningitis and identified and tested 103 archived plasma\/cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with cryptococcal meningitis. We assessed the ability of anti\u2013GM-CSF autoantibody\u2013containing plasmas to inhibit GM-CSF signaling. We recognized anti\u2013GM-CSF autoantibodies in an otherwise healthy female with cryptococcal meningitis who later developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Her diagnosis prompted screening of patients with cryptococcal meningitis for anticytokine autoantibodies. We identified seven HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis who tested positive for high-titer anti\u2013GM-CSF autoantibodies. Two of the seven later developed evidence of PAP. Plasma from all patients prevented GM-CSF\u2013induced STAT5 phosphorylation and MIP-1\u03b1 production in normal PBMCs. This effect was limited to their IgG fraction. Anti\u2013GM-CSF autoantibodies are associated with some cases of cryptococcal meningitis in otherwise immunocompetent patients. These cases need not have associated PAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,19]],"date-time":"2013-03-19T03:16:13Z","timestamp":1363662973000},"page":"3959-3966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":241,"title":["Anti\u2013GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Lindsey B","family":"Rosen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra F","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamonwan","family":"Jutivorakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok 10330,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth N","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasikarn","family":"Angkasekwinai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupin","family":"Suputtamongkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilios","family":"Pyrgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032406532738900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.6.875","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis as an autoimmune disease with neutralizing antibody against granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factor","volume":"190","author":"Kitamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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