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Recently, D-Mtb was also shown in sputa of patients with active TB, but the capacity of D-Mtb to stimulate specific immune responses was not investigated. We observed that purified protein derivative\u2013specific human CD4+ T lymphocytes recognize mycobacterial Ags more efficiently when macrophages are infected with D-Mtb instead of replicating M. tuberculosis (R-Mtb). The different Ag recognition occurs even when the two forms of mycobacteria equally infect and stimulate macrophages, which secrete the same cytokine pattern and express MHC class I and II molecules at the same levels. However, D-Mtb but not R-Mtb colocalizes with mature phagolysosome marker LAMP-1 and with vacuolar proton ATPase in macrophages. D-Mtb, unlike R-Mtb, is unable to interfere with phagosome pH and does not inhibit the proteolytic efficiency of macrophages. We show that D-Mtb downmodulates the gene Rv3875 encoding for ESAT-6, which is required by R-Mtb to block phagosome maturation together with Rv3310 gene product SapM, previously shown to be downregulated in D-Mtb. Thus, our results indicate that D-Mtb cannot escape MHC class II Ag-processing pathway because it lacks the expression of genes required to block the phagosome maturation. Data suggest that switching to dormancy not only represents a mechanism of survival in latent TB infection, but also a M. tuberculosis strategy to modulate the immune response in different stages of TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,4]],"date-time":"2013-06-04T01:55:51Z","timestamp":1370310951000},"page":"274-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Dormant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Fails To Block Phagosome Maturation and Shows Unexpected Capacity To Stimulate Specific Human T Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaela","family":"Teloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Giannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Fraziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia, Universit\u00e0 di Roma Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lozupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Meschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Nisini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032405022324800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00000511","article-title":"Update on tuberculosis: TB in the early 21st century","volume":"20","author":"Connell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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