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Supporting a role for IL-22, we found that Il22\u2212\/\u2212 mice had decreased survival compared with wild-type mice after intratracheal infection with K. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, however, Rag2\u2212\/\u2212 mice did not differ from wild-type mice in survival or levels of IL-22 in the lungs postinfection with K. pneumoniae. In contrast, K. pneumoniae\u2013infected Rag2\u2212\/\u2212Il2rg\u2212\/\u2212 mice failed to produce IL-22. These data suggested a possible role for NK cells or other innate lymphoid cells in host defense and production of IL-22. Unlike NK cell\u2013like innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22 and display a surface phenotype of NK1.1\u2212NKp46+CCR6+, lung NK cells showed the conventional phenotype, NK1.1+NKp46+CCR6\u2212. Mice depleted of NK cells using anti\u2013asialo GM1 showed decreased survival and higher lung bacterial counts, as well as increased dissemination of K. pneumoniae to blood and liver, compared with control-treated mice. NK cell depletion also led to decreased production of IL-22 in the lung. Within 1 d postinfection, although there was no increase in the number of lung NK cells, a subset of lung NK cells became competent to produce IL-22, and such cells were found in both wild-type and Rag2\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Our data suggest that, during pulmonary infection of mice with K. pneumoniae, conventional NK cells are required for optimal host defense, which includes the production of IL-22.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,18]],"date-time":"2014-01-18T06:12:02Z","timestamp":1390025522000},"page":"1778-1786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Conventional NK Cells Can Produce IL-22 and Promote Host Defense in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ido D","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei H","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satya P","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404132027500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1710","article-title":"IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia","volume":"14","author":"Aujla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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