{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:41:13Z","timestamp":1792651273946,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that is the cause of a severe pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires\u2019 disease. A key feature of L. pneumophila pathogenesis is the rapid influx of neutrophils into the lungs, which occurs in response to signaling via the IL-1R. Two distinct cytokines, IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, can stimulate the type I IL-1R. IL-1\u03b2 is produced upon activation of cytosolic sensors called inflammasomes that detect L. pneumophila in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, we find no essential role for IL-1\u03b2 in neutrophil recruitment to the lungs in response to L. pneumophila. Instead, we show that IL-1\u03b1 is a critical initiator of neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of L. pneumophila\u2013infected mice. We find that neutrophil recruitment in response to virulent L. pneumophila requires the production of IL-1\u03b1 specifically by hematopoietic cells. In contrast to IL-1\u03b2, the innate signaling pathways that lead to the production of IL-1\u03b1 in response to L. pneumophila remain poorly defined. In particular, although we confirm a role for inflammasomes for initiation of IL-1\u03b2 signaling in vivo, we find no essential role for inflammasomes in production of IL-1\u03b1. Instead, we propose that a novel host pathway, perhaps involving inhibition of host protein synthesis, is responsible for IL-1\u03b1 production in response to virulent L. pneumophila. Our results establish IL-1\u03b1 as a critical initiator of the inflammatory response to L. pneumophila in vivo and point to an important role for IL-1\u03b1 in providing an alternative to inflammasome-mediated immune responses in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,18]],"date-time":"2013-05-18T04:37:56Z","timestamp":1368851876000},"page":"6329-6339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["IL-1\u03b1 Signaling Initiates the Inflammatory Response to Virulent <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i> In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Kevin C","family":"Barry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan L","family":"Portman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Group of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling S","family":"Dugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02111"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell E","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032407055918600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01713.x","article-title":"Legionella secreted effectors and innate immune responses","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. 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