{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:52:17Z","timestamp":1791219137435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Killer cell Ig\u2013like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells have been linked to a wide spectrum of health conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, cancers, and transplant failures. A small subset of effector memory T cells also expresses KIRs. In this study, we use modern analytic tools including genome-wide and multiplex molecular, phenotypic, and functional assays to characterize the KIR+ T cells in human blood. We find that KIR+ T cells primarily reside in the CD56+ T population that is distinctively DNAM-1high with a genome-wide quiescent transcriptome, short telomere, and limited TCR excision circles. During CMV reactivation in bone marrow transplant recipients, KIR+CD56+ T cells rapidly expanded in real-time but not KIR+CD56\u2212 T cells or KIR+ NK cells. In CMV+ asymptomatic donors, as much as 50% of CD56+ T cells are KIR+, and most are distinguishably KIR2DL2\/3+NKG2C+CD57+. Functionally, the KIR+CD56+ T cell subset lyses cancer cells and CMVpp65-pulsed target cells in a dual KIR-dependent and TCR-dependent manner. Analysis of metabolic transcriptome confirms the immunological memory status of KIR+CD56+ T cells in contrast to KIR\u2212CD56+ T cells that are more active in energy metabolism and effector differentiation. KIR\u2212CD56+ T cells have &amp;gt;25-fold higher level of expression of RORC than the KIR+ counterpart and are a previously unknown producer of IL-13 rather than IL-17 in multiplex cytokine arrays. Our data provide fundamental insights into KIR+ T cells biologically and clinically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T04:56:05Z","timestamp":1373950565000},"page":"1625-1636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Multiplex and Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal Distinctive Properties of KIR+ and CD56+ T Cells in Human Blood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Wing Keung","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piya","family":"Rujkijyanont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafijul","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Das Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Holladay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee , Memphis, TN 38105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032405171947100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687","article-title":"Innate or adaptive immunity? 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