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In humans, different DC subsets express IDO1, but less is known about the IDO1-related enzyme IDO2. In this study, we found a different pattern of expression and regulation between IDO1 and IDO2 in human circulating DCs. At the protein level, IDO1 is expressed only in circulating myeloid DCs (mDCs) and is modulated by PGE2, whereas IDO2 is expressed in both mDCs and plasmacytoid DCs and is not modulated by PGE2. In healthy subjects, IDO1 expression requires the presence of PGE2 and needs continuous transcription and translation, whereas IDO2 expression is constitutive, independent from suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 activity. Conversely, in patients suffering from inflammatory arthritis, circulating DCs express both IDO1 and IDO2. At the functional level, both mDCs and plasmacytoid DCs generate T regulatory cells through an IDO1\/IDO2-dependent mechanism. We conclude that, in humans, whereas IDO1 provides an additional mechanism of tolerance induced by proinflammatory mediators, IDO2 is stably expressed in steady-state conditions and may contribute to the homeostatic tolerogenic capacity of DCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,4]],"date-time":"2014-01-04T03:26:41Z","timestamp":1388806001000},"page":"1231-1240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["The SOCS3-Independent Expression of IDO2 Supports the Homeostatic Generation of T Regulatory Cells by Human Dendritic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Trabanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darina","family":"O\u010dadl\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Ciciarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Salvestrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Lecciso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Jandus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NewLink Genetics , Ames, IA 50010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Evangelisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Laury-Kleintop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood, PA 19096"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George C","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lankenau Institute for Medical Research , Wynnewood, PA 19096"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Curti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto M","family":"Lemoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Hematology \u201cSer\u00e0gnoli,\u201d University of Bologna , 40138 Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404094233600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-11-0097","article-title":"Characterization of human blood dendritic cell subsets","volume":"100","author":"MacDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025032404094233600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.695","article-title":"CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to GM-CSF+TNF alpha","volume":"184","author":"Caux","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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