{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:09:50Z","timestamp":1761919790373,"version":"3.40.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Organ-specific immunity is a feature of many infectious diseases, including visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. Experimental visceral leishmaniasis in genetically susceptible mice is characterized by an acute, resolving infection in the liver and chronic infection in the spleen. CD4+ T cell responses are critical for the establishment and maintenance of hepatic immunity in this disease model, but their role in chronically infected spleens remains unclear. In this study, we show that dendritic cells are critical for CD4+ T cell activation and expansion in all tissue sites examined. We found that FTY720-mediated blockade of T cell trafficking early in infection prevented Ag-specific CD4+ T cells from appearing in lymph nodes, but not the spleen and liver, suggesting that early CD4+ T cell priming does not occur in liver-draining lymph nodes. Extended treatment with FTY720 over the first month of infection increased parasite burdens, although this associated with blockade of lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid tissue, as well as with more generalized splenic lymphopenia. Importantly, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cells are required for the establishment and maintenance of antiparasitic immunity in the liver, as well as for immune surveillance and suppression of parasite outgrowth in chronically infected spleens. Finally, although early CD4+ T cell priming appeared to occur most effectively in the spleen, we unexpectedly revealed that protective CD4+ T cell\u2013mediated hepatic immunity could be generated in the complete absence of all secondary lymphoid tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,15]],"date-time":"2014-03-15T00:50:51Z","timestamp":1394844651000},"page":"3709-3718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Tissue Requirements for Establishing Long-Term CD4+ T Cell\u2013Mediated Immunity following <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Patrick T","family":"Bunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland 4215,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda C","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Biology, University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"de Labastida Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mulherin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin D2,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meru","family":"Sheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare E","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London WC1E 7HT,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J","family":"Faleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona H","family":"Amante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Montes De Oca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon E","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie R","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York University , York YO10 5DD,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraful","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian R","family":"Engwerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, Queensland 4006,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404232653100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62453-5","article-title":"Cells in the marginal zone of the spleen","volume":"132","author":"Kraal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. 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