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Among seven \u03c3 factors of Escherichia coli, \u03c338 is responsible for the transcription of genes in the stationary phase and under stressful conditions. We found a transient increase of \u03c338 when E. coli was injected into the hemocoel of Drosophila melanogaster. The loss of \u03c338 made E. coli rapidly eliminated in flies, and flies infected with \u03c338-lacking E. coli stayed alive longer than those infected with the parental strain. This was also observed in fly lines defective in humoral immune responses, but not in flies in which phagocytosis was impaired. The lack of \u03c338 did not influence the susceptibility of E. coli to phagocytosis, but made them vulnerable to killing after engulfment. The changes caused by the loss of \u03c338 were recovered by the forced expression of \u03c338-encoding rpoS as well as \u03c338-regulated katE and katG coding for enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species. These results collectively suggested that \u03c338 contributes to the prolonged survival of E. coli in Drosophila by inducing the production of enzymes that protect bacteria from killing in phagocytes. Considering the similarity in the mechanism of innate immunity against invading bacteria between fruit flies and humans, the products of these genes could be new targets for the development of more effective antibacterial remedies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,14]],"date-time":"2013-12-14T03:19:59Z","timestamp":1386991199000},"page":"666-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role for \u03c338 in Prolonged Survival of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Shiratsuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Shimamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tran Quoc","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afwa","family":"Firdausi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuko","family":"Gawasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaneyoshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Ishihama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404082147200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00227.x","article-title":"Prokaryotic genome regulation: multifactor promoters, multitarget regulators and hierarchic networks","volume":"34","author":"Ishihama","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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