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In this study, we examined whether the context of placental immune tolerance affected the functions of resident macrophages and if their functions were altered during chorioamnionitis, an infectious pathology of the placenta. Macrophages from at-term placentas expressed CD14, exhibited macrophage microbicidal functions, but were less inflammatory than monocyte-derived macrophages. Moreover, placental macrophages spontaneously matured into multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), a property not exhibited by monocyte-derived macrophages, and we detected MGCs of myeloid origin in placental tissue. Compared with placental macrophages, MGCs exhibited a specific phenotype and gene expression signature, consisting of increased cytoskeleton-associated gene expression along with depressed expression of inflammatory response genes. Furthermore, placental macrophages from patients with chorioamnionitis were unable to form MGCs, but this defect was partially corrected by incubating these placental macrophages with control trophoblast supernatants. MGCs formation likely serves to regulate their inflammatory and cytocidal activities in a context that imposes semiallograft acceptance and defense against pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,26]],"date-time":"2013-10-26T03:38:56Z","timestamp":1382758736000},"page":"5501-5514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Placental Macrophages Are Impaired in Chorioamnionitis, an Infectious Pathology of the Placenta"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"Ben Amara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gorvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Baulan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Derain-Court","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Buffat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"V\u00e9rollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , 31077 Toulouse,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier , 31077 Toulouse,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Textoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Ghigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7278, INSERM U1095 , 13385 Marseille,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bretelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses 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