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Exploring the development of the B cell response during infection, we found that parasite-specific IgG1-secreting plasma cells appeared first in the hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) and then at later times in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The LN B cell population peaked between weeks 10 and 12 of infection, and then contracted at a time that coincided with the expansion of the hepatic IgG1+ B cell compartment, suggesting that B cells migrate from LNs to liver. CXCL9 and -16 expression in the liver increased during the time frame of B cell recruitment. Expression of the CXCL16 receptor CXCR6 was increased on B cells within the hepatic LNs, but not the mesenteric LNs. CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9, was broadly expressed on IgG1+ B cells in LNs and liver during infection. Increased hepatic expression of CXCL9 and -16 failed to occur if the IL-10R was blocked in vivo, an intervention associated with decreased liver B cell infiltration and the development of severe disease. Hepatic LN IgG1+ cells migrated toward CXCL9 and -16 in vitro and to the liver in a pertussis toxin\u2013sensitive fashion. Our data suggest that the coordinated expression of CXCL9 and -16 in the liver and of CXCR6 and CXCR3 on responding B cells within the hepatic LNs underpins establishment of the hepatic B cell infiltrate during chronic schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,14]],"date-time":"2013-09-14T04:09:44Z","timestamp":1379131784000},"page":"4202-4210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Regulation of the Development of the Hepatic B Cell Compartment during <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"191","author":[{"given":"Keke C","family":"Fairfax","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Everts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber M","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032405461648200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-33026-7_3","article-title":"The neglected tropical diseases: the ancient afflictions of stigma and poverty and the prospects for their control and elimination","volume":"582","author":"Hotez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. 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