{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:12:36Z","timestamp":1790190756687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bortezomib is a potent inhibitor of proteasomes currently used to eliminate malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma patients. It is also effective in depleting both alloreactive plasma cells in acute Ab-mediated transplant rejection and their autoreactive counterparts in animal models of lupus and myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study, we demonstrate that bortezomib at 10 nM or higher concentrations killed long-lived plasma cells in cultured thymus cells from nine early-onset MG patients and consistently halted their spontaneous production not only of autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor but also of total IgG. Surprisingly, lenalidomide and dexamethasone had little effect on plasma cells. After bortezomib treatment, they showed ultrastructural changes characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum stress after 8 h and were no longer detectable at 24 h. Bortezomib therefore appears promising for treating MG and possibly other Ab-mediated autoimmune or allergic disorders, especially when given in short courses at modest doses before the standard immunosuppressive drugs have taken effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,28]],"date-time":"2014-06-28T04:11:48Z","timestamp":1403928708000},"page":"1055-1063","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Proteasome Inhibition with Bortezomib Depletes Plasma Cells and Specific Autoantibody Production in Primary Thymic Cell Cultures from Early-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Alejandro M","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 9DS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Vrolix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Nogales-Gadea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona , 08913 Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Duimel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Unit\u2013Center for Research Innovation, Support and Policy, Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht ,","place":["the 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