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Effects of GM-CSF blockade were linked to modulation of the effector phase, whereas effects on early pathogenic events, for example, Ab production, have not been identified. To evaluate yet uncharacterized effects of GM-CSF on early pathogenic events in chronic inflammation, we employed immunization-induced epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune bullous disease caused by autoantibodies to type VII collagen. Compared to wild-type mice, upon immunization, GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice produced lower serum autoantibody titers, which were associated with reduced neutrophil numbers in draining lymph nodes. The same effect was observed in neutrophil-depleted wild-type mice. Neutrophil depletion in GM-CSF\u2212\/\u2212 mice led to a stronger inhibition, indicating that GM-CSF and neutrophils have additive functions. To characterize the contribution of GM-CSF specifically in the effector phase of EBA, disease was induced by transfer of anti\u2013type VII collagen IgG into mice. We observed an increased GM-CSF expression, and GM-CSF blockade reduced skin blistering. Additionally, GM-CSF enhanced reactive oxygen species release and neutrophil migration in vitro. In immunization-induced murine EBA, treatment with anti\u2013GM-CSF had a beneficial effect on established disease. We demonstrate that GM-CSF modulates both autoantibody production and skin blistering in a prototypical organ-specific autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T03:26:31Z","timestamp":1386818791000},"page":"559-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["GM-CSF Modulates Autoantibody Production and Skin Blistering in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Unni Krishna S R L","family":"Samavedam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susen","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska S","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Recke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enno","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Zillikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf J","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of L\u00fcbeck , 23563 L\u00fcbeck,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404085283400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.3.1134","article-title":"Stimulation by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor of Leishmania tropica killing by macrophages","volume":"122","author":"Handman","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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