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Either of these effects may influence adaptive immune responses, but the role of type 3 IFNs in the development of primary and memory T cell responses to infection has not been evaluated. In this study, we examined T cell responses to acute or persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in IFN-\u03bbR1\u2013deficient mice. Following acute infection, we find that IFN-\u03bbR1\u2013deficient mice produced normal levels of IFN, robust NK cell responses, but greater than normal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses compared with wild type BALB\/c mice. There were more T cells that were IL-7Rhi and, correspondingly, the IFN-\u03bbR\u2013deficient mice showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in memory T cell number. The inhibitory effect of IFN-\u03bbR expression was independent of direct cytokine signaling into T cells. In contrast with acute infection, the IFN-\u03bbR\u2013deficient mice generated markedly diminished T cell responses and had greater weight loss compared with wild type mice when confronted with a highly disseminating variant of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. These data indicate that IFN-\u03bbR limits T cell responses and memory after transient infection but augments T cell responses during persisting infection. Thus, the immune-regulatory functions for IFN-\u03bbR are complex and vary with the overall inflammatory environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T05:23:45Z","timestamp":1395293025000},"page":"3596-3606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["IFN-\u03bb Exerts Opposing Effects on T Cell Responses Depending on the Chronicity of the Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Misumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason K","family":"Whitmire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404231460600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2011.07.007","article-title":"IFN-\u03bbs","volume":"23","author":"Kotenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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