{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:11:44Z","timestamp":1790543504732,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Lymphadenopathy in autoimmune and other lymphoproliferative diseases is in part characterized by immunoblasts and vascular proliferation. The lymph node vasculature, along with the nonvascular stromal compartment, supports lymphocyte function, and targeting vascular\u2013stromal expansion in inflamed nodes may modulate lymphocyte function in disease. CD11c+ cells are essential for vascular\u2013stromal proliferation and the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) needed for vascular proliferation. However, targetable CD11c+ cell\u2013derived molecular mediators, the identity of relevant CD11c+ cells, and whether CD11c+ cells directly stimulate VEGF-expressing stromal cells are poorly understood. In this study we show that CD11c+ CD11b+ CCR2-dependent monocytes and CCR7-dependent dendritic cells express IL-1\u03b2. IL-1\u03b2 blockade, IL-1\u03b2 deficiency in radiosensitive cells, and CCR2\/CCR7 double deficiency but not single deficiency all attenuate immunization-induced vascular\u2013stromal proliferation. gp38+ stromal fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that express VEGF are enriched for Thy1+ cells and partially overlap with CCL21-expressing FRCs, and FRC VEGF is attenuated with IL-1\u03b2 deficiency or blockade. IL-1\u03b2 localizes to the outer borders of the T zone, where VEGF-expressing cells are also enriched. Ex vivo, CD11b+ cells enriched for IL-1\u03b2+ cells can directly induce cultured gp38+Thy1+ FRCs to upregulate VEGF. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism whereby multiple recruited CD11c+ populations express IL-1\u03b2 and directly modulate FRC function to help promote the initiation of vascular\u2013stromal growth in stimulated lymph nodes. These data provide new insight into how CD11c+ cells regulate the lymph node vascular\u2013stromal compartment, add to the evolving understanding of functional stromal subsets, and suggest a possible utility for IL-1\u03b2 blockade in preventing inflammatory lymph node growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,22]],"date-time":"2014-03-22T00:48:25Z","timestamp":1395449305000},"page":"4153-4163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Multiple CD11c+ Cells Collaboratively Express IL-1\u03b2 To Modulate Stromal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Lymph Node Vascular\u2013Stromal Growth"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Fairouz","family":"Benahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Chyou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragos","family":"Dasoveanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"},{"name":"Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Iwakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 108-8639,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa T","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY 10021"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404261293600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.05.004","article-title":"Lymph node vascular-stromal growth and function as a potential target for controlling immunity","volume":"144","author":"Benahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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