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However, specific Abs are not sufficient to confer protection against persisting infections or cancer. Therefore, development of adjuvants and immunomodulators able to enhance cell-mediated immune responses represents a major medical need. We recently showed that papaya mosaic virus nanoparticles (PapMV), self-assembled from the coat protein of a plant virus and a noncoding ssRNA molecule, are highly immunogenic in mice. PapMV can be used either as a vaccine delivery platform, through fusion of various epitopes to the coat protein or as adjuvant to enhance humoral immune responses against coadministered Ags or vaccines. However, the mechanisms that confer these immunomodulatory properties to PapMV and its ability to enhance T cell vaccines remain unknown. Using immunization studies in mice, we demonstrate in this paper that PapMV represents a novel TLR7 agonist with strong immunostimulatory properties. More importantly, pretreatment with PapMV significantly improves effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses generated through dendritic cell vaccination increasing protection against a Listeria monocytogenes challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,28]],"date-time":"2013-12-28T03:47:11Z","timestamp":1388202431000},"page":"1071-1078","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Nanoparticle Adjuvant Sensing by TLR7 Enhances CD8+ T Cell\u2013Mediated Protection from <i>Listeria Monocytogenes<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Marie-\u00c8ve","family":"Lebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Daudelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maisonneuve\u2013Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Chartrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Tarrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Kalinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research , 30625 Hannover,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Savard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Labrecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maisonneuve\u2013Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Lamarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier , Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404085310000_r1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The eradication of smallpox","volume":"23","author":"Fenner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Prog. 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