{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:41:08Z","timestamp":1791243668518,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Exosomes, nano-sized membrane vesicles, are released by various cells and are found in many human body fluids. They are active players in intercellular communication and have immune-suppressive, immune-regulatory, and immune-stimulatory functions. EBV is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with various lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. EBV infection of B cells in vitro induces the release of exosomes that harbor the viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). LMP1 per se mimics CD40 signaling and induces proliferation of B lymphocytes and T cell\u2013independent class-switch recombination. Constitutive LMP1 signaling within B cells is blunted through the shedding of LMP1 via exosomes. In this study, we investigated the functional effect of exosomes derived from the DG75 Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma cell line and its sublines (LMP1 transfected and EBV infected), with the hypothesis that they might mimic exosomes released during EBV-associated diseases. We show that exosomes released during primary EBV infection of B cells harbored LMP1, and similar levels were detected in exosomes from LMP1-transfected DG75 cells. DG75 exosomes efficiently bound to human B cells within PBMCs and were internalized by isolated B cells. In turn, this led to proliferation, induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and the production of circle and germline transcripts for IgG1 in B cells. Finally, exosomes harboring LMP1 enhanced proliferation and drove B cell differentiation toward a plasmablast-like phenotype. In conclusion, our results suggest that exosomes released from EBV-infected B cells have a stimulatory capacity and interfere with the fate of human B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]],"date-time":"2014-05-15T03:11:36Z","timestamp":1400123496000},"page":"5852-5862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Exosomes Derived from Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma Cell Lines Induce Proliferation, Differentiation, and Class-Switch Recombination in B Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Cindy","family":"Gutzeit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospital del la Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques , 08003 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Lyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Gumz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Vallhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Puga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospital del la Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques , 08003 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Gabrielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cerutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Hospital del la Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques , 08003 Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Scheynius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , 17177 Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404350877000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2011.01225.x","article-title":"Exosome secretion: molecular mechanisms and roles in immune responses","volume":"12","author":"Bobrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2025032404350877000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.06.006","article-title":"Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication","volume":"73","author":"Mathivanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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