{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:14:09Z","timestamp":1791591249481,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with chemokine-like functions that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases by promoting leukocyte recruitment. We showed that MIF promotes the atherogenic recruitment of monocytes and T cells through its receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. Effects of MIF on B cell recruitment have not been addressed. In this study, we tested the involvement of MIF in B cell chemotaxis and studied the underlying mechanism. We show that MIF promotes primary murine B cell chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to the B cell chemokines CXCL13 and CXCL12. Splenic B cells express CXCR4 and the receptor CD74 but not CXCR2. Inhibition of CXCR4 or CD74 or a genetic deficiency of Cd74 in primary B cells fully abrogated MIF-mediated B cell migration, implying cooperative involvement of both receptors. MIF stimulation of B cells resulted in a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and F-actin polymerization. Intriguingly, the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 was activated upon MIF and CXCL12 treatment in a CXCR4- and CD74-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of ZAP-70 resulted in abrogation of primary B cell migration. Functional involvement of ZAP-70 was confirmed by small interfering RNA\u2013mediated knockdown in Ramos B cell migration. Finally, primary B cells from ZAP-70 gene\u2013deficient mice exhibited ablated transmigration in response to MIF or CXCL12. We conclude that MIF promotes the migration of B cells through a ZAP-70\u2013dependent pathway mediated by cooperative engagement of CXCR4 and CD74. The data also suggest that MIF may contribute to B cell recruitment in vivo (e.g., in B cell\u2013related immune disorders).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T03:17:44Z","timestamp":1398309464000},"page":"5273-5284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["MIF Promotes B Cell Chemotaxis through the Receptors CXCR4 and CD74 and ZAP-70 Signaling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Klasen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Sternkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idit","family":"Shachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weizmann Institute , Rehovot 76100,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Heussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Statistics, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Hobeika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg , 79108 Freiburg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics , 79108 Freiburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Levit-Zerdoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg , 79108 Freiburg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics , 79108 Freiburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Tenbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Reth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg , 79108 Freiburg,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics , 79108 Freiburg,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Bernhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"El Bounkari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westf\u00e4lisch Technical University (RWTH) Aachen , D-52074 Aachen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404313622500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/84298","article-title":"Chemokines: immunology\u2019s high impact factors","volume":"2","author":"Mackay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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