{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:17:06Z","timestamp":1791271026998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>B cells inhabit the normal human thymus, suggesting a role in T cell selection. In this study, we report that B cells can modulate thymic production of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells (regulatory T cells [Tregs]). Mice with transgenic expression of BAFF (BAFF-Tg) harbor increased numbers of Helios+Foxp3+ thymic Tregs and, similar to some human autoimmune conditions, also exhibit increased numbers of B cells colonizing the thymus. Distinct intrathymic B cell subpopulations were identified, namely B220+, IgM+, CD23hi, CD21int cells; B220+, IgM+, CD23lo, CD21lo cells; and a population of B220+, IgM+, CD23lo, CD21hi cells. Anatomically, CD19+ B cells accumulated in the thymic medulla region juxtaposed to Foxp3+ T cells. These intrathymic B cells engender Tregs. Indeed, thymic Treg development was diminished in both B cell\u2013deficient BAFF-Tg chimeras, but also B cell\u2013deficient wild-type chimeras. B cell Ag capture and presentation are critical in vivo events for Treg development. In the absence of B cell surface MHC class II expression, thymic expansion of BAFF-Tg Tregs was lost. Further to this, expansion of Tregs did not occur in BAFF-Tg\/Ig hen egg lysozyme BCR chimeras, demonstrating a requirement for Ag specificity. Thus, we present a mechanism whereby intrathymic B cells, through the provision of cognate help, contribute to the shaping of the Treg repertoire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]],"date-time":"2014-05-29T03:58:52Z","timestamp":1401335932000},"page":"170-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["A Role for Intrathymic B Cells in the Generation of Natural Regulatory T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Stacey N","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie E","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane T","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2010 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707185983500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.01.016","article-title":"Regulatory T cell lineage specification by the forkhead transcription factor foxp3","volume":"22","author":"Fontenot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030707185983500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/86302","article-title":"Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide","volume":"2","author":"Jordan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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