{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T15:53:51Z","timestamp":1770393231087,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Microbial and host cell interactions stimulate rabbit B cells to diversify the primary Ab repertoire in GALT. B cells at the base of appendix follicles begin proliferating and diversifying their V-(D)-J genes around 1 wk of age, \u223c5 d after B cells first begin entering appendix follicles. To gain insight into the microbial and host cell interactions that stimulate B cells to diversify the primary Ab repertoire, we analyzed B cell trafficking within follicles during the first week of life. We visualized B cells, as well as chemokines that mediate B cell homing in lymphoid tissues, by in situ hybridization, and we examined B cell chemokine receptor expression by flow cytometry. We found that B cells were activated and began downregulating their BCRs well before a detectable B cell proliferative region appeared at the follicle base. The proliferative region was similar to germinal center dark zones, in that it exhibited elevated CXCL12 mRNA expression, and B cells that upregulated CXCR4 mRNA in response to signals acquired from selected intestinal commensals localized in this region. Our results suggest that after entering appendix follicles, B cells home sequentially to the follicle-associated epithelium, the follicular dendritic cell network, the B cell\/T cell boundary, and, ultimately, the base of the follicle, where they enter a proliferative program and diversify the primary Ab repertoire.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T05:02:31Z","timestamp":1415682151000},"page":"5951-5959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chemokine-Mediated B Cell Trafficking during Early Rabbit GALT Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Shi-Kang","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica V","family":"Volgina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Periannan","family":"Sethupathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine L","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis K","family":"Lanning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood, IL 60153"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707511324500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90879-9","article-title":"Somatic hyperconversion diversifies the single VH gene of the chicken with a high incidence in the D region","volume":"59","author":"Reynaud","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030707511324500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5438","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.10.5438","article-title":"Multiple sites of V\u03bb diversification in cattle","volume":"161","author":"Lucier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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