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Acute B cell depletion in either 2- or 4-mo-old mice significantly reduced spleen and lymph node CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers, including naive, activated, and Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cell subsets. The numbers of IFN-\u03b3\u2013 and TNF-\u03b1\u2013producing T cells were also significantly reduced. Chronic B cell depletion for 6 mo in aged naive mice resulted in a 40\u201370% reduction in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers and 20\u201350% reductions in IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing T cells. Therefore, B cells were necessary for maintaining naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell homeostasis for subsequent optimal T cell expansion in young and old mice. To determine the significance of this finding, a week of B cell depletion in 4-mo-old mice was followed by acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong. Despite their expansion, activated and cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers were still significantly reduced 1 wk later. Moreover, viral peptide-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers and effector cell development were significantly reduced in mice lacking B cells, whereas lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus titers were dramatically increased. Thus, T cell function is maintained in B cell\u2013depleted mice, but B cells are required for optimal CD4+ and CD8+ T cell homeostasis, activation, and effector development in vivo, particularly during responses to acute viral infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T14:19:10Z","timestamp":1402928350000},"page":"746-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Acute and Chronic B Cell Depletion Disrupts CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Homeostasis and Expansion during Acute Viral Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Jacquelyn M","family":"Lykken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"DiLillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Roser-Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Decatur, GA 30033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T","family":"Heise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC 27157"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Neale","family":"Weitzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Decatur, GA 30033"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F","family":"Tedder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707222545400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-078071","article-title":"B lymphocytes: how they develop and function","volume":"112","author":"LeBien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030707222545400_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.11.030","article-title":"B cell-directed therapies for autoimmune disease and correlates of disease response and relapse","volume":"121","author":"Levesque","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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