{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:53:59Z","timestamp":1787064839020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>BAFF is a crucial cytokine that affects the activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the expansion of Th17 cells in autoimmune disorders. With this study, we investigated the BAFF\/Th17 responses in Helicobacter pylori\u2013induced gastritis in humans. Our results show that the mucosa from Helicobacter+ patients with chronic gastritis is enriched in IL-17 and BAFF, whereas the two cytokines are weakly expressed in Helicobacter\u2212 patients with chronic gastritis; moreover, the expression of both BAFF and IL-17 decreases after bacteria eradication. We demonstrate that BAFF accumulates in macrophages in vivo and that it is produced by monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro, after Helicobacter stimulation. Application of BAFF on monocytes triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that are crucial for the release of pro-Th17 cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-1\u03b2, and TGF-\u03b2. Moreover, BAFF directly promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, our results support the notion that an axis BAFF\/Th17 exists in chronic gastritis of Helicobacter+ patients and that its presence strictly depends on the bacterium. Moreover, we demonstrated that BAFF is able to drive Th17 responses both indirectly, by creating a pro-Th17 cytokine milieu through the involvement of innate immune cells, and directly, via the differentiation of T cells toward the specific profile. The results obtained in this study are of great interest for Helicobacter-related diseases and the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of the BAFF\/IL-17 response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T21:51:33Z","timestamp":1414014693000},"page":"5584-5594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Cytokine BAFF Released by\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    \u2013Infected Macrophages Triggers the Th17 Response in Human Chronic Gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Munari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padua , 35121 Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Fassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , 37134 Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagaja","family":"Capitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , 53100 Siena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Codolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padua , 35121 Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Vila-Caballer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padua , 35121 Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua , 35121 Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Rugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua , 35121 Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Della Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Troilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"D\u2019Elios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosima T","family":"Baldari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , 53100 Siena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario M","family":"D\u2019Elios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , 50134 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"de Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padua , 35121 Padua ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707472029100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.10.013","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori, T cells and cytokines: the \u201cdangerous liaisons.\u201d","volume":"44","author":"D\u2019Elios","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. 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