{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:36:20Z","timestamp":1778945780990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A protective effect induced by bacterial preinfection upon a subsequent lethal influenza virus infection has been observed, but the underlying immune mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a mouse model of Klebsiella pneumoniae preinfection to gain insight into how bacterial preinfection influences the subsequent lethal influenza virus infection. We found that K. pneumoniae preinfection significantly attenuated lung immune injury and decreased mortality during influenza virus infection, but K. pneumoniae\u2013specific immunity was not involved in this cross-protection against influenza virus. K. pneumoniae preinfection limited NK cell expansion, which was involved in influenza-induced immune injury and death. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae preinfection could not control NK cell expansion and death during influenza virus infection in Rag1\u2212\/\u2212 mice, but adoptive transfer of T cells from wild-type mice was able to restore this protective effect. Our data suggest that the adaptive immune response activated by bacterial infection limits the excessive innate immune response induced by a subsequent influenza infection, ultimately protecting mice from death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,21]],"date-time":"2014-06-21T08:05:10Z","timestamp":1403337910000},"page":"1133-1141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> Alleviates Influenza-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Limiting NK Cell Expansion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale , Hefei, Anhui 230027 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707253238000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200406000-00003","article-title":"How do viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections?","volume":"17","author":"Beadling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. 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