{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:30:54Z","timestamp":1761895854455,"version":"3.40.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Much progress has been made in recent years on the diagnostic value, Ag specificity, and pathogenic roles of autoantibodies correlated to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. However, carbohydrate Ag-specific autoantibodies that may also play important roles in RA have largely been ignored. In this article, we report that serum levels of Abs capable of recognizing \u03b11,4-polygalacturonic acid [(PGA); major structural component of pectin] strongly correlate with RA in humans. The measurements of PGA-specific Abs (PGA-Abs) in sera are comparable to rheumatoid factors and anti\u2013cyclic citrullinated peptide Abs as serological diagnostic markers for RA in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Immunohistochemical staining results indicate that the PGA-Abs selectively bound synovial membrane cells and chondrocytes in the joints of both humans and rabbits (but not rodents). Induction of PGA-Abs by s.c. immunization of rabbits with carrier protein\u2013conjugated synthetic PGA led to severe inflammatory reactions (synovial hyperplasia, small vessel proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration) in the joints. Injection of affinity purified anti-PGA IgG into the synovial cavity of rabbits resulted in accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1, IL-8, and IL-1\u03b2 in synovial fluid, as well as local pathological damage. We conclude that the PGA\u2013cross-reactive moiety represents a major autoantigen in the joints and can be targeted by autoantibodies capable of triggering arthritogenic responses in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T03:28:12Z","timestamp":1397100492000},"page":"4533-4540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Disease Association and Arthritogenic Potential of Circulating Antibodies against the \u03b11,4-Polygalacturonic Acid Moiety"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100083,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Liang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang-Yuan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Liang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100083,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhan-Guo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100044,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-Dong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404300615200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2011.05.044","article-title":"Use of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis: current and emerging paradigms of care","volume":"33","author":"Curtis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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