{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:40:18Z","timestamp":1790671218080,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trachoma, caused by the obligate intracellular organism Chlamydia trachomatis, is the world\u2019s leading cause of preventable blindness for which a vaccine is needed. We have previously shown that a plasmid-deficient live-attenuated trachoma vaccine delivered ocularly to macaques elicited either solid or partial protective immunity against a virulent ocular challenge. Solidly protected macaques shared the same MHC class II alleles implicating CD4+ T cells in superior protective immunity. Understandably, we sought to define T cell immune correlates in these animals to potentially improve vaccine efficacy. In this study, following a 2-y resting period, these macaques were boosted i.m. with the live-attenuated trachoma vaccine and their peripheral T cell anamnestic responses studied. Both solidly and partially protected macaques exhibited a CD4+ and CD8+ T cell anamnestic response following booster immunization. CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells from solidly protected macaques proliferated against soluble chlamydial Ag. We observed a more rapid T cell inflammatory cytokine response in tears of solidly protected animals following ocular rechallenge. Most notably, depletion of CD8+ T cells in solidly protected macaques completely abrogated protective immunity. Collectively, our findings support the conclusion that CD8+ T cells play an important but unexpected role in live-attenuated trachoma vaccine-mediated protective immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T01:40:11Z","timestamp":1396921211000},"page":"4648-4654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["CD8+ T Cells Define an Unexpected Role in Live-Attenuated Vaccine Protective Immunity against\n                    <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    Infection in Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Norma","family":"Olivares-Zavaleta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M","family":"Whitmire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Kari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail L","family":"Sturdevant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harlan D","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton, MT 59840"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032404302939800_r1","article-title":"Global elimination of blinding trachoma","volume-title":"Resolution WHO 51.11 adopted by the World Health Assembly May 16, 1998","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"2025032404302939800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000376","article-title":"Reduction and return of infectious trachoma in severely affected communities in Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Lakew","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. 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