{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:43:10Z","timestamp":1791308590960,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disruption of the blood\u2013brain and blood\u2013spinal cord barriers (BBB and BSCB, respectively) and immune cell infiltration are early pathophysiological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS), its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, their contribution to disease initiation and development remains unclear. In this study, we induced EAE in lys-eGFP-ki mice and performed single, nonterminal intravital imaging to investigate BSCB permeability simultaneously with the kinetics of GFP+ myeloid cell infiltration. We observed a loss in BSCB integrity within a day of disease onset, which paralleled the infiltration of GFP+ cells into the CNS and lasted for \u223c4 d. Neutrophils accounted for a significant proportion of the circulating and CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells during the preclinical phase of EAE, and their depletion delayed the onset and reduced the severity of EAE while maintaining BSCB integrity. We also show that neutrophils collected from the blood or bone marrow of EAE mice transmigrate more efficiently than do neutrophils of naive animals in a BBB cell culture model. Moreover, using intravital videomicroscopy, we demonstrate that the IL-1R type 1 governs the firm adhesion of neutrophils to the inflamed spinal cord vasculature. Finally, immunostaining of postmortem CNS material obtained from an acutely ill multiple sclerosis patient and two neuromyelitis optica patients revealed instances of infiltrated neutrophils associated with regions of BBB or BSCB leakage. Taken together, our data provide evidence that neutrophils are involved in the initial events that take place during EAE and that they are intimately linked with the status of the BBB\/BSCB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T22:38:42Z","timestamp":1405982322000},"page":"2438-2454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Neutrophils Mediate Blood\u2013Spinal Cord Barrier Disruption in Demyelinating Neuroinflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Benoit","family":"Aub\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Optique, Photonique et Laser, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien A","family":"L\u00e9vesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Par\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9milie","family":"Chamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Optique, Photonique et Laser, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hania","family":"K\u00e9bir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Neuroimmunologie, Centre d\u2019Excellence en Neuromique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3C 3J7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Gorina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , 3012 Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andr\u00e9","family":"L\u00e9cuyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Neuroimmunologie, Centre d\u2019Excellence en Neuromique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3C 3J7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge I","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Neuroimmunologie, Centre d\u2019Excellence en Neuromique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3C 3J7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"De Koninck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , 3012 Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Prat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Neuroimmunologie, Centre d\u2019Excellence en Neuromique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec H3C 3J7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l\u2019Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1J 2G3 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Optique, Photonique et Laser, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0781-6371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec\u2013Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval , Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine 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