{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:06:27Z","timestamp":1790031987887,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We recently demonstrated that hepatic stellate cells induce the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from myeloid progenitors. In this study, we found that adoptive transfer of these MDSCs effectively reversed disease progression in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), a T cell\u2013dependent and B cell\u2013mediated model for myasthenia gravis. In addition to ameliorated disease severity, MDSC-treated EAMG mice showed suppressed acetylcholine receptor (AChR)\u2013specific T cell responses, decreased levels of serum anti-AChR IgGs, and reduced complement activation at the neuromuscular junctions. Incubating MDSCs with B cells activated by anti-IgM or anti-CD40 Abs inhibited the proliferation of these in vitro\u2013activated B cells. Administering MDSCs into mice immunized with a T cell\u2013independent Ag inhibited the Ag-specific Ab production in vivo. MDSCs directly inhibit B cells through multiple mechanisms, including PGE2, inducible NO synthase, and arginase. Interestingly, MDSC treatment in EAMG mice does not appear to significantly inhibit their immune response to a nonrelevant Ag, OVA. These results demonstrated that hepatic stellate cell\u2013induced MDSCs concurrently suppress both T and B cell autoimmunity, leading to effective treatment of established EAMG, and that the MDSCs inhibit AChR-specific immune responses at least partially in an Ag-specific manner. These data suggest that MDSCs could be further developed as a novel approach to treating myasthenia gravis and, even more broadly, other diseases in which T and B cells are involved in pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T03:54:41Z","timestamp":1406174081000},"page":"2127-2134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Potential Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhidan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiguang","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanford D","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda L","family":"Kusner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University , Washington, DC 20037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University , Washington, DC 20037"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, George Washington University , Washington, DC 20037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707311098800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903555943","article-title":"Antibody effector mechanisms in myasthenia gravis-pathogenesis at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"43","author":"Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2025030707311098800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29894","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future","volume":"116","author":"Conti-Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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