{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:07:01Z","timestamp":1791198421869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) develop under the help of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and reside mainly in the bone marrow. However, these cells are unusually abundant in the spleen of several autoimmune models including K\/BxNsf mice, yet their pathogenic impact remains unknown. To investigate a previously unappreciated role of splenic LLPCs, we sorted splenic plasma cells (PCs) from K\/BxNsf and K\/BxN mice, corresponding to LLPCs and conventional short-lived PCs, respectively, and compared their phenotypes and ability to prime and induce the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effector cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that K\/BxNsf PCs had lower levels of the Ag presentation machinery and costimulators than K\/BxN PCs, and also a lower CD4+ T cell priming capacity. Autoantigen-pulsed K\/BxNsf PCs selectively polarized cognate CD4+ T cells toward the expression of molecules necessary for Tfh development and function. As a result, the K\/BxNsf PC-primed CD4+ T cells were more effective in stimulating B cells to produce autoantigen-specific IgGs than K\/BxN PCs or even dendritic cells. Adoptive transfer of K\/BxNsf PCs, but not K\/BxN PCs, to K\/BxN mice increased numbers of Tfh cells in draining lymph nodes. These results propose that abnormal accumulation of LLPCs in the spleen of autoimmune models drives the differentiation of autoantigen-primed CD4+ T cells to Tfh cells. This positive feedback loop between splenic LLPCs and Tfh cells may contribute to the persistence of humoral autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T01:49:04Z","timestamp":1451958544000},"page":"1026-1035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Splenic Long-Lived Plasma Cells Promote the Development of Follicular Helper T Cells during Autoimmune Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"Eunkyeong","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang Sik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon-Kyung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-La","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Medical Science, Catholic University of Korea , Seoul 137-701 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Mogg","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo-Jin","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeehee","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030702124075000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00112-8","article-title":"Pathogenic roles of B cells in human autoimmunity; insights from the clinic","volume":"20","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030702124075000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.12.1373","article-title":"Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells","volume":"193","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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