{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:37:22Z","timestamp":1761489442520,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Schistosomiasis is a severe and chronic disease caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni after deposition of eggs in the liver and intestines. The immune response to S. mansoni eggs is characterized by increased Th2 cells, eosinophilia, and high serum IgE levels. Granulomas are formed around the eggs to protect the organs against tissue damage caused by toxic products that are secreted from the eggs. Egg-derived components have further been shown to activate the IgE-mediated release of IL-4 and IL-13 from basophils, suggesting that basophils could be involved in protection against a fatal course of infection. Using T cell\u2013specific IL-4\/IL-13\u2013deficient mice and basophil-deficient Mcpt8Cre mice, we determined the contribution of Th2 cells and basophils for protective immunity against S. mansoni egg\u2013induced pathology during the patent stage of infection. Our results demonstrate that T cell\u2013derived IL-4\/IL-13 was essential for granuloma formation, IgE production, basophilia, differentiation of alternatively activated macrophages, and protection against fatal infection. Although basophils were recruited into liver granulomas, they appeared to be dispensable as a source of IL-4\/IL-13 both for differentiation of Th2 cells and for prevention of weight loss and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,30]],"date-time":"2014-08-30T01:53:39Z","timestamp":1409363619000},"page":"3590-3599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["T Cell\u2013Derived IL-4\/IL-13 Protects Mice against Fatal <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> Infection Independently of Basophils"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology at the Institute of Microbiology\u2013Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen 91054 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Oeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology at the Institute of Microbiology\u2013Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen 91054 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Prazeres da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen , M\u00fcnchen 80333 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"Layland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn , Bonn 53127 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Voehringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology at the Institute of Microbiology\u2013Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen 91054 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707380453300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261","article-title":"Helminth infections: the great neglected tropical diseases","volume":"118","author":"Hotez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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