{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T05:46:01Z","timestamp":1793079961924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The transcription factor T-bet has been most prominently linked to NK and T cell production of IFN-\u03b3, a cytokine required for the control of a diverse array of intracellular pathogens. Indeed, in mice challenged with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, NK and T cell responses are characterized by marked increases of T-bet expression. Unexpectedly, T-bet\u2212\/\u2212 mice infected with T. gondii develop a strong NK cell IFN-\u03b3 response that controls parasite replication at the challenge site, but display high parasite burdens at secondary sites colonized by T. gondii and succumb to infection. The loss of T-bet had a modest effect on T cell production of IFN-\u03b3 but did not impact on the generation of parasite-specific T cells. However, the absence of T-bet resulted in lower T cell expression of CD11a, Ly6C, KLRG-1, and CXCR3 and fewer parasite-specific T cells at secondary sites of infection, associated with a defect in parasite control at these sites. Together, these data highlight T-bet\u2013independent pathways to IFN-\u03b3 production and reveal a novel role for this transcription factor in coordinating the T cell responses necessary to control this infection in peripheral tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,3]],"date-time":"2015-01-03T02:33:08Z","timestamp":1420252388000},"page":"1131-1140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Diverse Roles for T-bet in the Effector Responses Required for Resistance to Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Harms Pritchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling O\u2019Hara","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagie","family":"Wagage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Muallem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Glatman Zaretsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Perrigoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, NY 10032"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, NY 10032"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030705003792100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80702-3","article-title":"A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment","volume":"100","author":"Szabo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030705003792100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065543","article-title":"Distinct effects of T-bet in TH1 lineage commitment and IFN-gamma production in CD4 and CD8 T cells","volume":"295","author":"Szabo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030705003792100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1332767100","article-title":"T-bet is required for optimal production of IFN-gamma and antigen-specific T cell activation by dendritic cells","volume":"100","author":"Lugo-Villarino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. 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