{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:12:05Z","timestamp":1761919925572,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Specific CD8+ T cells (CTLs) play an important role in resolving protracted infection with hepatitis B and C virus in humans and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice. The contribution of individual CTL specificities to chronic virus control, as well as epitope-specific patterns in timing and persistence of antiviral selection pressure, remain, however, incompletely defined. To monitor and characterize the antiviral efficacy of individual CTL specificities throughout the course of chronic infection, we coinoculated mice with a mixture of wild-type LCMV and genetically engineered CTL epitope-deficient mutant virus. A quantitative longitudinal assessment of viral competition revealed that mice continuously exerted CTL selection pressure on the persisting virus population. The timing of selection pressure characterized individual epitope specificities, and its magnitude varied considerably between individual mice. This longitudinal assessment of \u201cantiviral efficacy\u201d provides a novel parameter to characterize CTL responses in chronic viral infection. It demonstrates remarkable perseverance of all antiviral CTL specificities studied, thus raising hope for therapeutic vaccination in the treatment of persistent viral diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T04:12:16Z","timestamp":1420690336000},"page":"1755-1762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Protective Efficacy of Individual CD8+ T Cell Specificities in Chronic Viral Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bergthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , 1090 Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Graw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Modeling and Simulation in the Biosciences, BioQuant-Center, Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87544"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Flatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne , 1011 Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weldy V","family":"Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , 4009 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire-Anne","family":"Siegrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul-Henri","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland R","family":"Regoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D","family":"Pinschewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Immunology, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , 4009 Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030705032796700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.06.036","article-title":"Redefining chronic viral infection","volume":"138","author":"Virgin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030705032796700_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.6.1425","article-title":"Immune response against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice without CD8 expression","volume":"174","author":"Fung-Leung","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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