{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:40:25Z","timestamp":1784634025731,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) must undergo phenotypic and functional maturation to become long-lived mature naive T cells. In CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice, NKAP-deficient RTEs fail to complete T cell maturation. In this study, we demonstrate that NKAP-deficient immature RTEs do not undergo apoptosis, but are eliminated by complement. C3, C4, and C1q are bound to NKAP-deficient peripheral T cells, demonstrating activation of the classical arm of the complement pathway. As thymocytes mature and exit to the periphery, they increase sialic acid incorporation into cell surface glycans. This is essential to peripheral lymphocyte survival, as stripping sialic acid with neuraminidase leads to the binding of natural IgM and complement fixation. NKAP-deficient T cells have a defect in sialylation on cell surface glycans, leading to IgM recruitment. We demonstrate that the defect in sialylation is due to aberrant \u03b12,8-linked sialylation, and the expression of three genes (ST8sia1, ST8sia4, and ST8sia6) that mediate \u03b12,8 sialylation are downregulated in NKAP-defcient RTEs. The maturation of peripheral NKAP-deficient T cells is partially rescued in a C3-deficient environment. Thus, sialylation during T cell maturation is critical to protect immature RTEs from complement in the periphery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]],"date-time":"2014-11-04T06:35:47Z","timestamp":1415082947000},"page":"6005-6015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Immature Recent Thymic Emigrants Are Eliminated by Complement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Fan-Chi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meibo W","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C","family":"McWilliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M","family":"Seaburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N","family":"Tangen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia Smith","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN 55905"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030707510115000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02284","article-title":"Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1","volume":"427","author":"Matloubian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030707510115000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188222","article-title":"Neural crest-derived pericytes promote egress of mature thymocytes at the corticomedullary junction","volume":"328","author":"Zachariah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030707510115000_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1049","article-title":"Continued maturation of thymic emigrants in the periphery","volume":"5","author":"Boursalian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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