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In this study, we analyzed the relative contribution of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to the vaccine-induced protection in a murine model of YF-17D infection. Using different strains of knockout mice, we found that CD4+ T cells, B cells, and Abs are required for full clinical protection of vaccinated mice, whereas CD8+ T cells are dispensable for long-term survival after intracerebral challenge. However, by analyzing the immune response inside the infected CNS, we observed an accelerated T cell influx into the brain after intracerebral challenge of vaccinated mice, and this T cell recruitment correlated with improved virus control in the brain. Using mice deficient in B cells we found that, in the absence of Abs, YF vaccination can still induce some antiviral protection, and in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells from these animals revealed a pivotal role for CD8+ T cells in controlling virus replication in the absence of a humoral response. Finally, we demonstrated that effector CD8+ T cells also contribute to viral control in the presence of circulating YF-specific Abs. To our knowledge, this is the first time that YF-specific CD8+ T cells have been demonstrated to possess antiviral activity in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,25]],"date-time":"2014-12-25T05:57:06Z","timestamp":1419487026000},"page":"1141-1153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["CD8+ T Cells Complement Antibodies in Protecting against Yellow Fever Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Maria R","family":"Bassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kongsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Fenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Skj\u00f8dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Finsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , DK-5000 Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Stryhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8363-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Buus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan P","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan R","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen N ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704561236100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.4.4.553","article-title":"Yellow fever vaccine","volume":"4","author":"Monath","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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