{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:53:00Z","timestamp":1790016780489,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. N-Formyl peptide (fMLF) receptors (FPRs) are chemotactic receptors involved in inflammation. Three FPRs have been identified: FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3. We have examined, by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, FPRs expression in skin fibroblasts from 10 normal subjects and 10 SSc patients, showing increased expression in SSc fibroblasts. Several functions of FPRs occur through the interaction with a region of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR88\u201392), able to interact with FPRs and to mediate urokinase (uPA) or fMLF-dependent cell migration. Soluble uPAR84\u201395 peptide can act as a direct ligand of FPRs. Furthermore, uPA or its aminoterminal fragment (ATF) can promote the exposure of the uPAR88\u201392 region. The WKYMVm peptide is a FPRs pan-agonist. We investigated the functional effects of these agonists on normal and SSc fibroblasts. ATF, uPAR84\u201395, and WKYMVm regulated adhesion, migration, and proliferation of normal fibroblasts. Despite FPR overexpression, the response of SSc fibroblasts to the same agonists was greatly reduced, except for the proliferative response to ATF. SSc fibroblasts showed increased \u03b1-smooth muscle actin expression and improved capability to induce wound closure. Indeed, they overexpressed a cleaved uPAR form, exposing the uPAR88\u201392 region, and vitronectin, both involved in fibrosis and in the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. FPR stimulation promoted \u03b1-smooth muscle actin expression in normal fibroblasts as well as motility, matrix deposition, \u03b1v\u03b25 integrin expression, and radical oxygen species generation in normal and SSc fibroblasts. This study provides evidence that FPRs may play a role in fibrosis and in the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T21:41:13Z","timestamp":1430170873000},"page":"5161-5173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Upregulation of the\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    -Formyl Peptide Receptors in Scleroderma Fibroblasts Fosters the Switch to Myofibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Francesca Wanda","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Pesapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Mascolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Staibano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Matucci-Cerinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Florence , 50121 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Guiducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Florence , 50121 Florence ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Ragno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno , 84084 Salerno ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"di Spigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Postiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Marone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunzia","family":"Montuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amato","family":"de Paulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II , 80131 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030706350227200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130312","article-title":"The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Katsumoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30316","article-title":"The origin of the myofibroblast in fibroproliferative vasculopathy: does the endothelial cell steer the pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis?","volume":"63","author":"Manetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4104","article-title":"The myofibroblast matrix: implications for tissue repair and fibrosis","volume":"229","author":"Klingberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-007-0008-z","article-title":"New developments in fibroblast and myofibroblast biology: implications for fibrosis and scleroderma","volume":"9","author":"Abraham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4230","article-title":"Scleroderma pathogenesis: a pivotal role for fibroblasts as effector cells","volume":"15","author":"Gilbane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(07)57004-X","article-title":"Fibroblast differentiation in wound healing and fibrosis","volume":"257","author":"Darby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.06.001","article-title":"Role of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders","volume":"179","author":"Piera-Velazquez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835948","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/835948","article-title":"Role of endothelial to mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of the vascular alterations in systemic sclerosis","volume":"2013","author":"Jimenez","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1113","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1790","article-title":"Shared expression of phenotypic markers in systemic sclerosis indicates a convergence of pericytes and fibroblasts to a myofibroblast lineage in fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii3","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken481","article-title":"Overview of pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02316-5","article-title":"Formyl-peptide receptors revisited","volume":"23","author":"Le","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001578","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIII. Nomenclature for the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family","volume":"61","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-013-1005-5","article-title":"Molecular biology for formyl peptide receptors in human diseases","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7734","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7734","article-title":"Basophils infiltrate human gastric mucosa at sites of Helicobacter pylori infection, and exhibit chemotaxis in response to H. pylori\u2011derived peptide Hp(2\u201120)","volume":"172","author":"de Paulis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.3.1450","article-title":"F2L, a peptide derived from heme-binding protein, chemoattracts mouse neutrophils by specifically activating Fpr2, the low-affinity N-formylpeptide receptor","volume":"178","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900863","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Hp(2\u201120) promotes migration and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells by interacting with formyl peptide receptors in vitro and accelerates gastric mucosal healing in vivo","volume":"183","author":"de Paulis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r17","first-page":"553","article-title":"Role(s) of formyl-peptide receptors expressed in nasal epithelial cells","volume":"25","author":"Prevete","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2008.02.003","article-title":"The interaction between urokinase receptor and vitronectin in cell adhesion and signalling","volume":"87","author":"Madsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2006.00079.x","article-title":"Potential role for insulin-like growth factor II and vitronectin in the endothelial-mesenchymal transition process","volume":"74","author":"Arciniegas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5428-1","article-title":"The urokinase receptor: a ligand or a receptor? Story of a sociable molecule","volume":"63","author":"Ragno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1160\/TH12-08-0546","article-title":"uPAR regulates pericellular proteolysis through a mechanism involving integrins and fMLF-receptors","volume":"109","author":"Montuori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2821","article-title":"Regulation of cell signalling by uPAR","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.2741\/3392","article-title":"Multiple activities of a multifaceted receptor: roles of cleaved and soluble uPAR","volume":"14","author":"Montuori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1276590","article-title":"Vitronectin in vascular context: facets of a multitalented matricellular protein","volume":"37","author":"Preissner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1244","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00701.2010","article-title":"Vitronectin accumulates in the interstitium but minimally impacts fibrogenesis in experimental chronic kidney disease","volume":"300","author":"L\u00f3pez-Guisa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46932","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207494200","article-title":"The cleavage of the urokinase receptor regulates its multiple functions","volume":"277","author":"Montuori","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022652999","article-title":"The fibrinolytic receptor for urokinase activates the G protein\u2011coupled chemotactic receptor FPRL1\/LXA4R","volume":"99","author":"Resnati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5739","article-title":"Urokinase induces basophil chemotaxis through a urokinase receptor epitope that is an endogenous ligand for formyl peptide receptor-like 1 and -like 2","volume":"173","author":"de Paulis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201002300325","article-title":"The plasminogen activator system in fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Postiglione","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20562","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 12-dependent cleavage of urokinase receptor in systemic sclerosis microvascular endothelial cells results in impaired angiogenesis","volume":"50","author":"D\u2019Alessio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38098","article-title":"2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League against Rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"65","author":"van den Hoogen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r32","first-page":"202","article-title":"Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"LeRoy","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37712","article-title":"Differential expression of junctional adhesion molecules in different stages of systemic sclerosis","volume":"65","author":"Manetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636936","article-title":"House dust mite allergen activates human eosinophils via formyl peptide receptor and formyl peptide receptor-like 1","volume":"37","author":"Svensson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.7322","article-title":"Expression and functions of the vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in human basophils","volume":"177","author":"de Paulis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014003","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species are required for maintenance and differentiation of primary lung fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Bocchino","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r37","volume-title":"Statistical methods","author":"Snedecor","year":"1980","edition":"7th Ed."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-06-2424","article-title":"Involvement of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization","volume":"105","author":"Selleri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0522","article-title":"Functional expression of N-formyl peptide receptors in human bone marrow\u2011derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-9-26","article-title":"G\u03b1s-coupled receptor signaling actively down-regulates \u03b14\u03b21-integrin affinity: a possible mechanism for cell de-adhesion","volume":"9","author":"Chigaev","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605591","article-title":"The G-protein\u2011coupled formylpeptide receptor FPR confers a more invasive phenotype on human glioblastoma cells","volume":"102","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.070672","article-title":"Expression of integrin \u03b21 by fibroblasts is required for tissue repair in vivo","volume":"123","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes234","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase and reactive oxygen species contribute to the persistent fibrotic phenotype of lesional scleroderma fibroblasts","volume":"51","author":"Shi-wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq208","article-title":"Modulation of collagen type I, fibronectin and dermal fibroblast function and activity, in systemic sclerosis by the antioxidant epigallocatechin-3-gallate","volume":"49","author":"Dooley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30439","article-title":"Reduction of in vitro invasion and in vivo cartilage degradation in a SCID mouse model by loss of function of the fibrinolytic system of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts","volume":"63","author":"Serrat\u00ec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0564-7","article-title":"The cross-talk between the urokinase receptor and fMLP receptors regulates the activity of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor","volume":"68","author":"Montuori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901206010163","article-title":"Getting out of a sticky situation: targeting the myofibroblast in scleroderma","volume":"6","author":"Leask","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Rheumatol. J."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63215-4","article-title":"Increased expression levels of integrin \u03b1v\u03b25 on scleroderma fibroblasts","volume":"164","author":"Asano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25225","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412605200","article-title":"Cross-talk between fMLP and vitronectin receptors triggered by urokinase receptor-derived SRSRY peptide","volume":"280","author":"Gargiulo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901206010087","article-title":"New insights into the role of oxidative stress in scleroderma fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Rheumatol J"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65831","article-title":"Annexin A1, formyl peptide receptor, and NOX1 orchestrate epithelial repair","volume":"123","author":"Leoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86352","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086352","article-title":"The urokinase receptor takes control of cell migration by recruiting integrins and FPR1 on the cell surface","volume":"9","author":"Gorrasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4154","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1930","article-title":"Urokinase receptor promotes ovarian cancer cell dissemination through its 84\u201195 sequence","volume":"5","author":"Bifulco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2006.09.009","article-title":"Formyl peptide receptors: a promiscuous subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors controlling immune responses","volume":"17","author":"Migeotte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2007.06.003","article-title":"Endogenous endothelin-1 signaling contributes to type I collagen and CCN2 overexpression in fibrotic fibroblasts","volume":"26","author":"Shi-Wen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7438","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007438","article-title":"Rac inhibition reverses the phenotype of fibrotic fibroblasts","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e06-10-0912","article-title":"Urokinase receptor cleavage: a crucial step in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation","volume":"18","author":"Bernstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203706","article-title":"Inactivation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) gene induces dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and peripheral microvasculopathy in mice: a new model of experimental scleroderma?","volume":"73","author":"Manetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10042","article-title":"uPA binding to PAI-1 induces corneal myofibroblast differentiation on vitronectin","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7708","article-title":"Increased expression of integrin \u03b1v\u03b23 contributes to the establishment of autocrine TGF-\u03b2 signaling in scleroderma fibroblasts","volume":"175","author":"Asano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.041306","article-title":"Increased expression of integrin \u03b1v\u03b25 induces the myofibroblastic differentiation of dermal fibroblasts","volume":"168","author":"Asano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10744","article-title":"Engaged urokinase receptors enhance tumor breast cell migration and invasion by upregulating \u03b1v\u03b25 vitronectin receptor cell surface expression","volume":"102","author":"Silvestri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-008-0125-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of scleroderma: the Murrell\u2019s hypothesis revisited","volume":"30","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000207277.27432.15","article-title":"Urokinase plasminogen activator stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via redox-dependent pathways","volume":"26","author":"Menshikov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030706350227200_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker520","article-title":"Neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species in SSc","volume":"51","author":"Barnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030706350227200_r66","first-page":"156","article-title":"Current management strategies for systemic sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Nihtyanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/194\/11\/5161\/62235454\/1402819.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/194\/11\/5161\/62235454\/1402819.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T02:28:44Z","timestamp":1741314524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/194\/11\/5161\/7973163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1402819","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}}}