{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:17:37Z","timestamp":1771460257564,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, is widely distributed at sites of inflammation and microbial invasion. Despite considerable progress regarding the immunoregulatory activity of this lectin, the role of endogenous Gal-1 during acute parasite infections is uncertain. In this study, we show that Gal-1 functions as a negative regulator to limit host-protective immunity following intradermal infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. Concomitant with the upregulation of immune inhibitory mediators, including IL-10, TGF-\u03b21, IDO, and programmed death ligand 2, T. cruzi infection induced an early increase of Gal-1 expression in vivo. Compared to their wild-type (WT) counterpart, Gal-1\u2013deficient (Lgals1\u2212\/\u2212) mice exhibited reduced mortality and lower parasite load in muscle tissue. Resistance of Lgals1\u2212\/\u2212 mice to T. cruzi infection was associated with a failure in the activation of Gal-1\u2013driven tolerogenic circuits, otherwise orchestrated by WT dendritic cells, leading to secondary dysfunction in the induction of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. This effect was accompanied by an increased number of CD8+ T cells and higher frequency of IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing CD4+ T cells in muscle tissues and draining lymph nodes as well as reduced parasite burden in heart and hindlimb skeletal muscle. Moreover, dendritic cells lacking Gal-1 interrupted the Gal-1\u2013mediated tolerogenic circuit and reinforced T cell\u2013dependent anti-parasite immunity when adoptively transferred into WT mice. Thus, endogenous Gal-1 may influence T. cruzi infection by fueling tolerogenic circuits that hinder anti-parasite immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T01:59:09Z","timestamp":1441072749000},"page":"3311-3324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["<i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i> Infection Imparts a Regulatory Program in Dendritic Cells and T Cells via Galectin-1\u2013Dependent Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Carolina V","family":"Poncini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1121 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan M","family":"Ilarregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunopatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1428 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estela I","family":"Batalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1121 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steef","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P","family":"Cerliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunopatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1428 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcela A","family":"Cucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1121 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"van Kooyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , 1081 HV Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella M","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1121 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel A","family":"Rabinovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunopatolog\u00eda, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas , C1428 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , C1428 Buenos Aires ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030704163699200_r1"},{"key":"2025030704163699200_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624296","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic Chagas heart disease","volume":"115","author":"Marin-Neto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025030704163699200_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100015","article-title":"Cytokines in innate and acquired immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"31","author":"Abrahamsohn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Braz. 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